[Omeo33] Art 1073 - Homeopathy, 2009, 98 (4), 244-266

[Gino Santini]

Use of homeopathic preparations in phytopathological models and in  
field trials: a critical review
Lucietta Betti, Grazia Trebbi, Vera Majewsky, Claudia Scherr, Devika  
Shah-Rossi, Tim Jäger and Stephan Baumgartner

Background
The literature on the applications of homeopathy for controlling plant  
diseases in both plant pathological models and field trials was first  
reviewed by Scofield in 1984. No other review on homeopathy in plant  
pathology has been published since, though much new research has  
subsequently been carried out using more advanced methods.

Objectives
To conduct an up-to-date review of the existing literature on basic  
research in homeopathy using phytopathological models and experiments  
in the field.

Methods
A literature search was carried out on publications from 1969 to 2009,  
for papers that reported experiments on homeopathy using  
phytopathological models (in vitro and in planta) and field trials.  
The selected papers were summarized and analysed on the basis of a  
Manuscript Information Score (MIS) to identify those that provided  
sufficient information for proper interpretation (MIS ≥ 5). These  
were then evaluated using a Study Methods Evaluation Procedure (SMEP).

Results
A total of 44 publications on phytopathological models were  
identified: 19 papers with statistics, 6 studies with MIS ≥ 5.  
Publications on field were 9, 6 with MIS ≥ 5. In general, significant  
and reproducible effects with decimal and centesimal potencies were  
found, including dilution levels beyond the Avogadro's number.

Conclusions
The prospects for homeopathic treatments in agriculture are promising,  
but much more experimentation is needed, especially at a field level,  
and on potentisation techniques, effective potency levels and  
conditions for reproducibility. Phytopathological models may also  
develop into useful tools to answer pharmaceutical questions.

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