[Omeo33] Art 1226 - J Chin Int Med, 2011, 9 (8), 901-912

[Gino Santini]

Analysis of the capability of ultra-highly diluted glucose to increase  
glucose uptake in arsenite-stressed bacteria Escherichia coli
Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh, Arnab De, Durba Das, Suman Dutta, Naoual  
Boujedaini

Objective: Whether ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedies can  
affect living systems is questionable. Therefore, this study sees  
value in the analysis of whether homeopathically diluted glucose 30C  
has any effect on Escherichia coli exposed to arsenite stress.
Methods: E. coli were cultured to their log phase in standard Luria- 
Bertani medium and then treated with either 1 mmol/L or 2 mmol/L  
sodium arsenite, with or without supplementation of either 1% or 3%  
glucose, an ultra-highly diluted and agitated ethanolic solution (70%)  
of glucose (diluted 1060 times), glucose 30C or 70% ethanol (placebo)  
in the medium. Glucose uptake, specific activities of hexokinase and  
glucokinase, membrane potential, intracellular adenosine triphosphate  
(ATP) and expression of glucose permease in E. coli were analyzed at  
two different time intervals. Arsenic content in E. coli  
(intracellular) and in the spent medium (extracellular) was also  
determined.
Results: In arsenite-exposed E. coli, the glucose uptake increased  
along with decreases in the specific activities of hexokinase and  
glucokinase, intracellular ATP and membrane potential and an increase  
in the gene expression level of glucose permease. Glucose uptake  
increased further by addition of 1%, 3% or ultra-highly diluted  
glucose in the medium, but not by the placebo.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated the efficacy of the ultra-highly  
diluted and agitated glucose in mimicking the action of actual glucose  
supplementation and its ability to modulate expressions of hexokinase  
and glucokinase enzymes and glucose permease genes, thereby validating  
the efficacy of ultra-high dilutions used in homeopathy.

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