[Omeo33] Art 1083 - Homeopathy, 2010, 99 (1), 15-24

[Gino Santini]

Enzyme stabilization by glass-derived silicates in glass-exposed  
aqueous solutions
John A. Ives, John R. Moffett, Peethambaran Arun, David Lam, Todor I.  
Todorov, Andrea B. Brothers, David J. Anick, Jose Centeno, M.A.A.  
Namboodiri and Wayne B. Jonas

Objectives
To analyze the solutes leaching from glass containers into aqueous  
solutions, and to show that these solutes have enzyme activity  
stabilizing effects in very dilute solutions.
Methods
Enzyme assays with acetylcholine esterase were used to analyze  
serially succussed and diluted (SSD) solutions prepared in glass and  
plastic containers. Aqueous SSD preparations starting with various  
solutes, or water alone, were prepared under several conditions, and  
tested for their solute content and their ability to affect enzyme  
stability in dilute solution.
Results
We confirm that water acts to dissolve constituents from glass vials,  
and show that the solutes derived from the glass have effects on  
enzymes in the resultant solutions. Enzyme assays demonstrated that  
enzyme stability in purified and deionized water was enhanced in SSD  
solutions that were prepared in glass containers, but not those  
prepared in plastic. The increased enzyme stability could be mimicked  
in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of silicates to the  
purified, deionized water that enzymes were dissolved in. Elemental  
analyses of SSD water preparations made in glass vials showed that  
boron, silicon, and sodium were present at micromolar concentrations.
Conclusions
These results show that silicates and other solutes are present at  
micromolar levels in all glass-exposed solutions, whether  
pharmaceutical or homeopathic in nature. Even though silicates are  
known to have biological activity at higher concentrations, the  
silicate concentrations we measured in homeopathic preparations were  
too low to account for any purported in vivo efficacy, but could  
potentially influence in vitro biological assays reporting homeopathic  
effects.

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