[Omeo33] Art 1120 - Homeopathy, 2010, 99 (2), 119-129

[Gino Santini]

The placebo effect and homeopathy
Marcus Z. Teixeira, Cristina H.F.F. Guedes, Patrícia V. Barreto and  
Mílton A. Martins

Background - Like other forms of medicine, including Complementary and  
Alternative Medicine (CAM), homeopathy elicits expectations in  
patients. The physician–patient relationship, personal and  
comprehensive treatment and lack of adverse effects are elements in  
creating positive expectations. Other elements may be associated with  
negative expectations.
Methods - We conducted a systematic literature review on placebo and  
nocebo effects in acupuncture and homeopathy using Medline.
Results - Findings on the psychophysiological and neuromediating  
mechanisms of the placebo–nocebo phenomenon are reviewed. Studies of  
these effects reveal how expectations and unconscious conditioning can  
be measured by imaging and EEG methods. They result in significant,  
non-specific therapeutic effects, which may confuse the evaluation of  
the specific therapeutic effects treatment, hampering selection of the  
simillimum.
Conclusions - Directions for future research on non-specific  
therapeutic effects of homeopathy to improve clinical practice and  
clinical research are discussed.

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