[Omeo33] Art 1085 - Homeopathy, 2010, 99 (1), 37-50

[Gino Santini]

Animal models for studying homeopathy and high dilutions: Conceptual  
critical review
Leoni Villano Bonamin and Peter Christian Endler

Introduction
This is a systematic review of the animal models used in studies of  
high dilutions. The objectives are to analyze methodological quality  
of papers and reported results, and to highlight key conceptual  
aspects of high dilution to suggest clues concerning putative  
mechanisms of action.
Methods
Papers for inclusion were identified systematically, from the Pubmed- 
Medline database, using ‘Homeopathy’ and ‘Animal’ as keywords. Only  
original full papers in English published between January 1999 and  
June 2009 were included, reviews, scientific reports, thesis, older  
papers, papers extracted from Medline using similar keywords, papers  
about mixed commercial formulas and books were also considered for  
discussion only. 31 papers describing 33 experiments were identified  
for the main analysis and a total of 89 items cited.
Results
Systematic analysis of the selected papers yielded evidence of some  
important intrinsic features of high dilution studies performed in  
animal models: a) methodological quality was generally adequate, some  
aspects could be improved; b) convergence between results and materia  
medica is seen in some studies, pointing toward to the possibility of  
systematic study of the Similia principle c) both isopathic and  
Similia models seem useful to understand some complex biological  
phenomena, such as parasite–host interactions; d) the effects of high  
dilutions seem to stimulate restoration of a ‘stable state’, as seen  
in several experimental models from both descriptive and mathematical  
points of view.

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